Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene

Core Courses

Students must have certain prerequisites. These are some of the core modules that students will have in their first, second, and third years of undergraduate studies. These modules include:

· Cell Biology: The objectives of this course are to introduce students to the living world at the cellular level, to acquire basic concepts of the cell, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, and to study cellular components.

· Microbiology: Students must acquire basic knowledge of the microbial world, the techniques used to observe microorganisms, and bacterial growth and classification.

· Toxicology: This course provides students with the basics and terminology of toxicology, general information on toxins, their metabolism in the human body, and their effects on health.

· Microbiological and Biochemical Analysis Technics: This course provides a fundamental understanding of the various principles and techniques used in microbiology and biochemistry to master laboratory procedures.

· Genetics: This course provides students with the basics and terminology of genetics, the structure of DNA, including replication, transcription, and alterations.

· Immunology: The objective of this course is to introduce students to the role of immunity and immune defense systems.

· Biochemistry: This course provides students with the basics of biochemistry and the concepts of enzymology.

Advanced Topics

These are the fundamental teaching courses of the specialty.

· Microbiology of Nosocomial Infections: The objective of this course is the study of infections contracted during a stay in a healthcare facility. The objective of the subject is to gain knowledge of the microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.) responsible for nosocomial infections and their characteristics.

· Mode of Transmission of Microorganisms (Etiology): The objective of the subject is to study the transmission mechanisms of nosocomial infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and the progression of infectious diseases.

· Serology and Vaccines: Among the teaching objectives of this subject:

- Serology is related to the study of immunoglobulins in blood serum [specific IgG antibodies directed against the microorganism responsible for the infection (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.)] or other body fluids. It represents a diagnostic and screening tool (AIDS, hepatitis, etc.),

- Raise students' awareness of the harmful effects of toxins on health.

- Develop knowledge about the toxicity of these toxic molecules. - Consider appropriate management measures to prevent the intrusion of these substances into food and water as much as possible.

· Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance: This subject aims to provide basic knowledge about antibiotics, which are molecules naturally synthesized by microorganisms to fight competing bacteria in their environment. The goal of this subject is to familiarize students with the mechanisms underlying the effects of antibiotics. However, the misuse of antibiotics, whether through short or long courses of treatment, is highlighted. Bacteria can indeed develop defense systems against antibiotics, leading to the development of resistance.

· Toxicology and Public Health: The objective of this subject is to train students in the application of toxicology and the assessment of product safety in the industrial sector, and to develop skills in the analysis, prevention, and treatment of pollution.

· Immuno-infectiology: The objective of this subject is to deepen their understanding of modern immunology and the mechanisms of immunology and methods for studying the immune system. They will learn about the different membrane receptors and understand the mechanisms of cellular signaling pathways in the immune response.